This paper mainly expounds the application of the truck automatic loading and unloading system in the factory. For the short-distance round-trip transportation from the factory to the logistics distribution center or the storage center, the system can greatly save the loading and unloading time, increase the number of vehicle round-trips, and reduce labor, forklift and storage. The number of trucks can improve logistics efficiency and reduce logistics costs.

The automatic truck loading and unloading system is an automatic conveying equipment integrated between the truck and the loading and unloading platform.

1. Automatic loading and unloading system

1. System structure

The fully automatic loading and unloading system is mainly divided into two parts: one part of the loading and unloading main equipment is installed inside the truck; the other part is integrated on the loading and unloading platform, which consists of the platform main structure, four parallel fixed rolling rail conveyor systems, chain conveyor systems, and pneumatic lifting. It is composed of slide rail system, control system, laser scanner, platform docking device and safety limit system.

2. Operation process

(1) Palletizing

The palletized goods are sequentially conveyed to the automatic loading and unloading platform through the conveying system. The fixed rolling track conveyor system on the platform moves the goods to the corresponding position of the platform, and adjusts the optimal spacing. After the palletized goods are loaded and adjusted on the platform, they will automatically move to the front of the platform as a whole to wait for loading.

(2) Truck-platform docking

After the loading truck arrives, back up and enter the platform docking position for truck-platform docking. After the docking is completed, the truck position is locked by the platform.

(3) Measurement of truck length

After the automatic loading and unloading platform door is opened, the two laser scanners fixed by the bracket automatically descend and start to measure the docking angle of the truck and the length of the truck bed. If the sensor detects that the depth of the compartment is 13.6 meters (can accommodate 26 pallets), the first group of 16 pallets and the second group of 10 pallets are automatically loaded into the compartment; if the sensor detects that the compartment is 25.5 meters deep (can accommodate 26 pallets) 42 pallets), the system will automatically load three groups of 42 pallets into the car.

(4) Fully automatic packing

The truck driver must confirm the correct position of the palletized goods and complete the safety inspection before pressing the packing button on the console for automatic packing. After the packing button is pressed, the pallet limit bayonet is automatically lowered, and the pneumatic slide rail begins to inflate. After the pallet goods are lifted as a whole, they begin to slide into the carriage track. After it completely enters the carriage, the pneumatic slide rail begins to deflate, the palletized goods are unloaded into the carriage as a whole, and finally the slide rail retracts to the platform to complete the loading of goods.

(5) Unlock and drive away

After completing the packing, the truck driver manually unlocks the vehicle position lock, and the vehicle can drive off the platform.

2. Comparison between traditional loading and unloading methods and automatic loading and unloading

Comparison between traditional loading and unloading methods and automated loading and unloading. We can find the following advantages of automated loading and unloading:

1. Reduce the number of employees. Only one truck driver can dock the platform and the vehicle, and easily complete the loading and unloading operations.

2. Improve work efficiency. The traditional operation method takes 40 minutes for each truck to complete the loading and unloading operation, and the automatic loading and unloading only takes 7 minutes, saving 75% of the time.

3. Reduce the number of loading and unloading platforms. Due to the substantial increase in the throughput of the automated loading and unloading platform, only 2 automated loading and unloading lines are needed to meet the shipping demand.

4. Reduce the use of forklifts. The factory's products are fully automated and seamlessly connected from production to loading, and the use of 10 forklifts has been reduced in the factory.

5. Reduce the number of trucks. For the distance between the factory and the warehouse, the time saved can be fully utilized, the average daily round-trip frequency per vehicle has doubled, and the rental cost of the transportation vehicle has been reduced by 50%.

6. Save space. The loading and unloading platform is compact and can be directly connected with the automatic three-dimensional warehouse, without the need for forklifts to work back and forth, which directly saves the space of factories and warehouses.

7. Reduce buffer inventory. The goods enter and leave the platform more quickly, which directly reduces the buffer inventory of the goods.

8. Safer working environment. The entire loading and unloading process does not require the use of forklifts, and the working environment is more orderly, ensuring the safety of equipment, items and staff.